List of Mongol Khans
This is the list of Mongol Khans and Khagans.
Following became Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, who were considered as Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi (Chinese emperor) for native Chinese:
- Kublai Khan (1260–1294) - Khagan title: Setsen; Temple name: Shizu 1271-1294 Era name: Zhiyuan 1264-1294
- Temür Khân - Khagan title: Oljeitu; Temple name: Chengzong; 1294–1307; Era names: Yuanzhen 1295-1297; Dade 1297-1307
- Khaiysan - Khagan title: Khülük; Temple name: Wuzong - 1308-1311; Era name: Zhida 1308-1311
- Ayurparibhadra - Temple name: Renzong 1311-1320; Era names: Huangqing 1312-1313; Yanyou 1314-1320
- Suddhipala - Khagan title: Gegeen; Temple name: Yingzong- 1321-1323; Era names: Zhizhi 1321-1323; Jinzong
- Yesün-Temür - Temple name:Taiding Di - 1323-1328; Taiding 1321-1328; Zhihe 1328
- Arigaba - Tianshun Di; Tianshun 1328
- Toq-Temür - Khagan title: Zayaghatu; Temple name: Wenzong; 1328–1329 and 1329–1332; Era names: Tianli 1328-1330 Zhìshùn 1330-1332
- Khuslen - Khagan title: Qutuqtu; Temple name: Mingzong - 1329;
- Irinchibal - Temple name: Ningzong; Era name: Zhishun 1332
- Toghan-Temür - Khagan title: Ukhaantu; Temple name: Huizong ; Shundi - 1333-1370; Era names: Zhishun 1333; Yuantong 1333-1335; Zhiyuan 1335-1340; Zhizheng 1341-1368; Zhiyuan 1368-1370
- Batu Khan (1227–1255)
- Sartaq (1255–56)
- Ulaghchi (1257)
- Berke (1257–1266)
- Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
- Tuda-Mengu (1282—1287)
- Talabuga (1287—1291)
- Tokhta (1291—1312)
- Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)
- Tini Beg (1341–1342)
- Jani Beg (1342—1357)
- Berdibek (1357—1361)
- Qulpa (1359–1360)
- Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
- Khidr (1361–1362)
- Timur Khwaja (1362)
- Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
- Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
- Freky Aziz Reffelruz (1378–1380)
- Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)
- Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu
- Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
- Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
- Temür (1410–1412)
- Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412)
- Karimberdi
- Kebeg
- Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
- Ulugh Muhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
- Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
- Baraq (1422–1427)
- Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
- Kuchuk Muhammed (1435–1459)
- Mahmud (1459–1465)
- Ahmad (1465–1481)
- Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
- Murtada (1498–1499)
This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan of the Shaybanids in 1446.
Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.
After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.
Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):
- Togha Temür (c. 1338-1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338-1349; by the Jalayirids 1338-1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338-1341, 1344, 1353)
- Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)
The Chagatai Khanate is split into two parts, western and eastern (Moghulistan). For the eastern khans, see Khans of Moghulistan, below.
From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.
The following Khans are successors of Dayan Khan and directly ruled the Chahar. They had suzerainty over other Mongol tümens, but were unable to exercise their authority over them.
- Gushi Khan Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655)
- Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
- Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
- Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)
- Khoo-Orlog (d.1644)
- Shikir-Daichung (1644–1661)
- Puntsog (1661–1669)
- Ayuukhi (1669–1724)
- Tseren-Dondog (1724–1735)
- Dondug-Ombo (1735–1741)
- Dondug-Dashi (1741–1761)
- Ubashi (1762–1771)
20th century Mongolia
References
- Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross - The Tarikh-i-rashidi
- Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
- Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907-1368
- William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov - Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
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